Photoelectric Speed Sensor Encoder Coded Disc code wheel for Smart car

Motors are used in a wide variety of applications such as robotics, industry, research and educational projects. In most of these applications, it is necessary to calculate the rotation speed, the direction of rotation and the position of the motor shaft. Rotary encoder modules can be used for this purpose. Rotary encoder is a type of module that converts rotation into electrical signals. The rotary encoder has two output pins: A and B. If the rotary encoder is installed properly, with motor rotation, electrical signals will be generated on pins A and B. By monitoring these signals, the rotation speed, the direction of rotation and position of motor can be obtained, The photoelectric encoder module consists of two discs located across each other. There is a light source on one disc and two light-receiving elements (photoresistors) on the other disc. Between these disks, there is a moving disc with evenly spaced slits. By rotating this moving disc, the light receivers A and B are alternately connected and disconnected. So, a square wave will be generated at the outputs. If you count these pulses, you can calculate the amount of rotation. In addition, there is a phase difference of 90 degrees between the two outputs A and B, so we can find the direction of rotation by checking which output is ahead of the other.